In June of 1965 the Oakland Housing Authority (OHA) began what was called a “Beautification Program”.
Under the housing authority’s plan, fenced in yards were to be removed and replaced with turfed areas in the following projects:
According to the tenants of the Peralta Villa housing projects in West Oakland, they first heard about the program when the a group of boys from the Alameda County Central Labor Council (funded by a grant from the War on Poverty) started demolishing the backyard fences and flower gardens.
The fences were removed, Housing Authority officials say, as the first step in a program of “beautification”
The tenants were really angry because some had paid the OHA for the fences and planted their gardens. No advance notice was given – the workers just started tearing everything up.
They Organize
The War on Poverty ran into a major obstacle this week – the War on Poverty
Oakland Tribune June 30, 1965
As a part of the War on Poverty‘s a work-study program was funded to provide the salaries of University of California students to work with the tenants .
The students worked with the residents of Lockwood Gardens to help them develop a sense of community identity and to learn how to help themselves.
It was these students that encouraged the tenants to form the Lockwood Improvement League .
The program funded by the War on Poverty the same people funding the “Beautification Program” and removing their fences.
The tenants of Peralta Villas met at Cole school and formed the Peralta Improvement League. Thirty tenants volunteered to form their own “human fence” they wrote up a list of demands and began their fight to save their gardens.
- Stop tearing down the remaining fences
- Rebuild the fences already taken down
- Reimburse the tenants whose private property was destroyed
- Consult the tenants first before doing any further work
The labor for the “Beautification Program” was provided by the Alameda County Labor Council through a grant from the War of Poverty.
Lockwood Gardens
The OHA decided to on June 25, 1965 to “beautify” the projects. They started with Lockwood Gardens.
The people of Lockwood Gardens newfound sense of community identity was outraged.
Each of the thirty- plus dwelling units in Lockwood Gardens had its own yard and most had fences. Some had lawns and some had shrubs and flowers.
The enclosed yards gave the tenants a sense of individuality, security, and pride.
All backyard fences would come out, the lawns, shrubs and flowers would be dug out. A common turf area without fences would replace individual yards.
They had been using my yard as adverstiment for years.
Jim Sorenson 1137 65th Ave – Oakland Tribune
They were also upset by the lack of advance warning. They got 200 signature in favor of keeping the fences.
The Lockwood Gardens tenants were all for beautification but not at the expense of their backyards. One tenant was upset because he had just rebuilt his fence. Not all the tenants of the tenants took care of yards or kept their fences in repair. But they felt the OHA could work it out with those tenants.
The Protests
The tenants of both Peralta Villa and Lockwood Gardens protested and managed to halt or limited the amount of work that could be done at either of the projects.
The OHA laid out a new backyard fence policy “Residents must keep their backyards neat and in repair; no new fences could be installed; no satisfactory fence will be torn down now, but eventual elimination of all fenced areas can be expected”
In August of 1965 the OHA board voted to poll each family of Campbell Village, Lockwood Gardens and Peralta Villa if they want a fence. Everyone was to be asked even the people who lived in the 2nd floor. There was a total of 916 total units in the three projects.
The tenants were given 2 choices in the questions asked :
It appears to be a lower-the-cost- maintenance program
The Pro-Fence group leader
In July 1966 all the fences had been removed and the place looked like a dump reported one tenant. The lawn was dead in most places as it wasn’t being watered.
More on the Beautification Program
- Program Stumbles on Its Own Results – Oakland Tribune June 30, 1965
- Battle of Backyard Fences on New Front – Oakland Tribune July 02, 1965
- Battle of Backyard Fences – Pg 2 – Oakland Tribune July 02, 1965
- Peralta Villa Folk in Fence Victory – Oakland Tribune July 04, 1965
- Back Fence War Halts in Standoff – Oakland Tribune July 12, 1965
- Back Fence War Halts in Standoff Pg. 2 – Oakland Tribune July 12, 1965
- New Tactics Ease Backyard Fence War – Oakland Tribune July 13, 1965
- Anti-Poverty War needs Tighter Control – Oakland Tribune Aug 01, 1965
- Pro-Fence Forces Get Poll on the Issue – Oakland Tribune Aug 10, 1965
- Battle of the Backyard Fences Pg 1 – Oakland Tribune Sep 01, 1965
- Battle of the Backyard Fences Pg 2 – Oakland Tribune Sep 01, 1965
- Beautification Fencing Match – Oakland Tribune July 13, 1966
